the frequency shift of raman lines are given by- shift frequency0

When a crystal absorbs a photon, that energy becomes part of the crystal. When that same crystal releases a photon, that photon is taking energy away from the crystal.

The Stokes Shift is a measure of the difference in wavelength (and thus energy) of photons absorbed by a crystal and then immediately re-emitted by that same crystal. The energy shift between the two photons is an indication of how much energy has been permanently absorbed by the crystal in the form of heat.

Christopher Eugene Stokes goes by Stokes.

Brian Stokes Mitchell goes by Stokes.

Anthony Stokes's birth name is Anthony DeSean Stokes.